Pendidikan di Indonesia pada Masa Penjajahan Jepang
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Pendidikan di Indonesia pada Masa Penjajahan Jepang
Pendidikan di Indonesia pada Zaman Penjajahan Jepang_Pada tahun 1942 Jepang secara resmi menguasai Indonesia setelah panglima tertinggi Belanda menyerah. Pada masa Jepang ini, pendidikan yang sebelumnya telah berjalan saat penjajahan Belanda telah diberhentikan. Semua sekolah yang ada ditutup dan kembali dibuka setelah diberlakukannya sistem baru yang berbeda dari sistem pendidikan Belanda. Sistem baru pendidikan di zaman penjajahan Jepang ini dibuat untuk menarik simpati rakyat Indonesia.
Sistem Pendidikan
Sistem pendidikan pada masa penjajahan Jepang terbagi atas beberapa bagian.
1. Pendidikan Dasar (Gokumin Gakko)
Sekolah dasar atau sekolah rakyat dinunakan sebagai tempat untuk pembelajaran pendidikan dasar. Sekolah dasar dilakukan selama 6 tahun dan sekolah ini diperuntukkan bagi semua rakyat Indonesia tanpa adanya perbedaan status. Sistem ini memberikan keuntungan yang besar bagi rakyat Indonesia, sebab semua kalangan terutama dari golongan bawah dapat menikmati pendidikan yang setara dengan golongan atas.
2. Pendidikan Lanjutan (Shoto Chu Gakko)
Pendidikan lanjutan pada masa penjajahan Jepang dilakukan selama 3 tahun. Pendidikan lanjutan atau yang sekarang kita kenal dengan Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) memberikan pendidikan lanjutan kepada siswa yang telah selesai menyelesaikan pendidikan dasarnya.
3. Pendidikan Menengah (Chu Gakko)
Pendidikan menengah atau Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) sebutannya saat ini, dilakukan selama 3 tahun. Pendidikan menengah memberikan pembelajaran yang lebih terarah berdasarkan hasil pembelajaran pada pendidikan lanjutan.
4. Pendidikan Kejuruan (Kogyo Gakko)
Pendidikan kejuruan merupakan pendidikan lanjutan dimana pembelajarannya lebih spesifik dan terperinci. Pendidikan ini lebih mengutamakan keahlian yang akan didapatkan siswa untuk terjun ke masyarakat.
5. Pendidikan Tinggi
Jenjang pendidikan Universitas pada masa penjajahan Jepang tidak diberlakukan, tapi jenjang tersebut diganti dengan pendidikan tinggi. Pendidikan tinggi yang dibuka oleh pemerintah Jepang adalah Sekolah Tinggi Kedokteran dan Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Bandung.
Selain pembentukan sistem baru dalam pendidikan Indonesia, Jepang juga mulai mencari simpati rakyat Indonesia dengan mengadakan pelatihan kepada guru-guru yang ada.
Adapun isi materi pelatihan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah Jepang sebagai berikut:
- Penanaman ideologi Hakko Ichiu yang merupakan slogan persaudaraan yang diciptakan Jepang untuk kawasan Asia Timur Raya.
- (Nippon Seisyin) Melatih guru secara militer berserta sifat semangat Jepang dalam mendidik siswanya
- Memberikan pelatihan berupa bahasa Jepang, sejarah Jepang dan adat istiadat Jepang
- Mengikuti kegiatan keolahragaan Jepang serta dapat menyanyikan lagu Jepang.
- Dapat menyanyikan lagu kebangsaan Jepang (Kimigato) pada pagi hari disetiap harinya
- Mengibarkan Hinomura atau bendera Jepang serta menunduk menghadap timur untuk menghormati Tenno Haika Kaisar Jepang di setiap paginya.
- Melakukan sumpah setia (Dai Toa) pada cita-cita Asia Raya
- Melakukan senam Jepang (Taiso) setiap pagi harinya
- Pelatihan fisik ala militer jepang
- Menggunakan bahasa pengantar berupa bahasa Indonesia selain bahasa Jepang.
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