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Sekilas tentang pelaut

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 ~sekilas tentang pelaut~


Pelaut adalah seseorang yang pekerjaannya berlayar di laut. Atau dapat pula berarti seseorang yang mengemudikan kapal atau membantu dalam operasi,

perawatan atau pelayanan dari sebuah kapal.


Hal ini mencakup seluruh orang yang bekerja di atas kapal. Selain itu sering pula disebut dengan Anak Buah Kapal atau ABK.



[Anak Buah Kapal]

Anak Buah Kapal (ABK) atau Awak Kapal terdiri dari beberapa bagian. Masing masing bagian mempunyai tugas dan tanggung jawab sendiri dan tanggung

jawab utama terletak di tangan Kapten kapal selaku pimpinan pelayaran.


Hierarki Awak Kapal Terbagi menjadi Departemen Dek dan Departemen Mesin, selain terbagi menjadi perwira/Officer dan bawahan/Rating.



[1]Perwira Departemen Dek :


1. Kapten/Nakhoda/Master adalah pimpinan dan penanggung jawab pelayaran

2. Mualim I/Chief Officer/Chief Mate bertugas pengatur muatan, persediaan air tawar dan

sebagai pengatur arah navigasi

3. Mualim 2/Second Officer/Second Mate bertugas membuat jalur/route peta pelayaran yg akan di lakukan dan pengatur arah navigasi.

4. Mualim 3/Third Officer/Third Mate bertugas sebagai pengatur, memeriksa, memelihara semua

alat alat keselamatan kapal dan juga bertugas

sebagai pengatur arah navigasi.

5. Markonis/Radio Officer/Spark bertugas sebagai operator radio/komunikasi serta bertanggung

jawab menjaga keselamatan kapal dari mara bahaya baik itu yg di timbulkan dari alam seperti badai, ada kapal tenggelam, dll.



[2] Perwira Departemen Mesin :


1. KKM (Kepala Kamar Mesin)/Chief Engineer, pimpinan dan penanggung jawab atas semua

mesin yang ada di kapal baik itu mesin induk, mesin bantu, mesin pompa, mesin crane, mesin

sekoci, mesin kemudi, mesin freezer, dll.

2. Masinis 1/First Engineer bertanggung jawab atas mesin induk

3. Masinis 2/Second Engineer bertanggung jawab atas semua mesin bantu.

4. Masinis 3/Third Enginer bertanggung jawab atas semua mesin pompa.

5. Juru Listrik/Electrician bertanggung jawab atas semua mesin yang menggunakan tenaga listrik dan seluruh tenaga cadangan.

6. Juru minyak/Oiler pembantu para Masinis/ Engineer



[3]Ratings atau bawahan :


1. Bagian dek:

- Boatswain atau Bosun atau Serang (Kepala kerja bawahan)

- Able Bodied Seaman (AB) atau Jurumudi

- Ordinary Seaman (OS) atau Kelasi atau Sailor

- Pumpman atau Juru Pompa, khusus kapal- kapal tanker (kapal pengangkut cairan)


2. Bagian mesin:

- Mandor (Kepala Kerja Oiler dan Wiper)

- Fitter atau Juru Las

- Oiler atau Juru Minyak

- Wiper


3. Bagian Permakanan:

- Juru masak/ prepare dinner bertanggung jawab atas segala makanan, baik itu memasak, pengaturan menu makanan, dan persediaan makanan.

- Mess boy / pembantu bertugas membantu Juru masak



*Ijazah Pelaut*

Ijazah bagi pelaut (perwira) di Indonesia terbagi atas ijazah dek dan ijazah mesin.


[1] Ijazah Dek dari yang tertinggi adalah:

-Ahli Nautika Tingkat I (ANT I)

-Ahli Nautika Tingkat II (ANT II)

-Ahli Nautika Tingkat III (ANT III)

-Ahli Nautika Tingkat IV (ANT IV)

-Ahli Nautika Tingkat V (ANT V)

-Ahli Nautika Tingkat D (ANT Dasar)


[2] ijazah Mesin dari yang tertinggi adalah:

-Ahli Teknika Tingkat I (ATT I)

-Ahli Teknika Tingkat II (ATT II)

-Ahli Teknika Tingkat III (ATT III)

-Ahli Teknika Tingkat IV (ATT IV)

-Ahli Teknika Tingkat V (ATT V)

-Ahli Teknika Tingkat D (ATT dasar)



*Sertifikat ketrampilan*

Sertifikat ketrampilan ini merupakan sertifikat yang

wajib dimiliki oleh para pelaut di samping sertifikat formal di atas. Diantaranya adalah:


1. Basic Safety Training (BST)/Pelatihan Keselamatan Dasar

2. Advanced Fire Fighting (AFF)

3. Survival Craft & Rescue Boats (SCRB)

4. Medical First Aid (MFA)

5. Medical Care (MC)

6. Tanker Familiarization (TF)

7. Oil Tanker Training (OT)

8. Chemical Tanker Training (CTT) 9. Liquified Gas Tanker Training (LGT)

10. Radar Simulator (RS)

11. ARPA Simulator (AS)

12. Operator Radio Umum (ORU) / GMDSS

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